Perceptions of physiotherapists regarding challenges experienced by patients with Deafness in accessing rehabilitative care

Abstract

Background: Hearing impairment, including deafness, affects approximately 5% of the global population, with the majority residing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as South Africa. Despite the constitutional right to healthcare for all, patients with deafness face persistent health inequalities because of communication barriers with healthcare professionals. Physiotherapists are often unprepared to provide care for patients with deafness, leading to a breakdown in communication and poor healthcare outcomes.
Objectives: This study explored physiotherapists’ perceptions regarding the challenges faced by patients with deafness in accessing rehabilitative care in South Africa.
Method: A qualitative research approach was used, with social constructivism as the guiding paradigm. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with 18 purposively selected physiotherapists across three public hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Data were analysed using Elo and Kyngäs content analysis framework, which involves a systematic three-phase approach.
Results: The study identified five main categories: (1) access to rehabilitative care, (2) communication barriers, (3) disability stigma and cultural barriers, (4) healthcare system challenges and (5) future aspirations.
Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for improved communication strategies, sign language training and a more inclusive approach within the healthcare system to enhance access to rehabilitative care for patients with deafness. The study underscores the importance of addressing systemic and individual factors to provide equitable healthcare to all patients, including those with hearing impairments.
Clinical implications: The study underscores the urgent need for physiotherapists to receive sign language and cultural competency training to improve communication and healthcare delivery for patients with deafness, ensuring equitable access to rehabilitative care.